Honor killingskillings Essay Example for Free

Respect killingskillings Essay It is stunning to see that in today’s time when training and mindfulness has become the most vital piece of human and cultural turn of events. In addition, ladies strengthening and their job in each stroll of lives have changed over the timeframe. There are still such frightful practices that are being done in certain pieces of the world under the hidden name of respect slaughtering and Pakistan being one of the nations which holds the most noteworthy paces of respect killings on the planet. Karo Kari another name for numbness. This name started from the provincial territories of inside sindh. It is being drilled in regions of Sindh, for example, Jacocabad, Sukkur, Khairpur, and Larkana alongside different zones of Sindh and a few places in Punjab. THE TRIBAL SYSTEM Pakistani society is rich with numerous societies and ethnic foundations. Every one of these societies and individuals from differentiated ethnic gatherings originate from particular foundations and live respectively consequently they have their own conventions and customs which they have been following since years. In the rustic zones of Pakistan the ancestral framework despite everything exists, for example, territories in the inside sindh. This is the place the ‘jirga’ framework or ordinarily known as the â€Å"panchayat† framework exists. Under this framework the rich and the compelling class of the town will in general structure a board of trustees and takes choices for the benefit of everybody and the choice given by this gathering will undoubtedly be acknowledged by each individual from the general public. They have their own specific manner of making a decision about the case and passing a decision on that, they take as much time as is needed, they thoroughly consider it and give the date for the choice. The lower and the poor common laborers is smothered under this framework as they don’t have any state in it and obliged to tail it. KARO KARI Karo Kari is drilled when the ladies of the family has carried disrespect to the family name using any and all means. This could be if the lady has any unlawful relations with any man, or an extra conjugal undertaking, she could be an assault casualty or regardless of whether she needs to get hitched to someone of her decision she is severely executed by one of the relatives themselves so as to bring back the lost greatness and name of the family. It isn't only this that a blameless ladies can be sorted as Kari and slaughtered it is likewise when the family and the siblings need to keep the property and resolve land debates she turns into a survivor of this homicide, for instance if a man owes some cash to an individual and that loan boss goes to his place so as to gather the cash to his place from another town and remains over night. The individual who owes the cash would kill his significant other following day and pronounce her a Kari with the goal that he doesn’t need to pay the cash . along these lines the bank would decide to leave without taking the cash rather being pronounced as Karo and being slaughtered. Additionally a man can be pronounced a Karo regardless of whether he doesn’t have any sort of undertaking with a lady yet he has any type of question with some other clan and he’ll be murdered under the name of respect executing. These killings will in general have the most cruel methods of tormenting somebody and condemning them to death. They will cover the young lady alive as of late in one of the conditions of Sindh, Khairpur; a young lady was tossed before mutts to be destroyed as a demonstration of hour killing. THE RISE IN THE NUMBER OF KILLINGS It is discouraging to see that the pattern in the quantity of killings that has occurred because of this has expanded throughout the years as opposed to dropping. It is assessed that in the course of the most recent six years in Pakistan the quantity of passings brought about by Karo Kari have been in excess of 6,000 which included around 800 men as well, so it isn't simply ladies who succumb to this, there are men as well yet their number is generally lower than the ladies. Various social orders have various individuals and thinking along these lines they accept what they are doing is the correct way yet this act of stifling the privilege of ladies and taking her entitlement to live is a dangerous wrongdoing and conflicting to the lessons of Islam. It is that brutal wickedness of the general public that must be killed totally. Much more terrible is the way that the rich and powerful class will in general pull off this training while the poor are vulnerable and they become the person in question. THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT To the extent the administration and different NGO’s are concerned then in the year 2004 there was a correction made in the constitution which announced respect killings, for example, Karo Kari as equivalent to kill be that as it may, this change never came into training in light of the fact that under another provision of the constitution it was expressed that the blamed can pull off the wrongdoing in the event that one gets the assent of the family and for this situation of Karo Kari the casualties family itself is the person who are doing it along these lines no one can be put to preliminary as they don’t show up in the police headquarters. It is the government’s obligation to investigate this issue and they ought to have caused a modification in the other revision with the goal that this ruthless practice to can be put to an end, anyway no solid advance has been taken to check this. KARO KARI IS UNJUSTIFIABLE Karo Kari is a social stun to any individual who has a place with a cultivated, created and instructed society and would censure it. it is a homicide not a discipline there could be some other methods of rebuffing one for their doings however such act isn't legitimate on any grounds, it is primitive and removes the right to speak freely and articulation. The ruling men in the â€Å"jirga† framework have checked the privileges of ladies in these rustic zones. It is really the sardars who are the persuasive â€Å"waderas† who will in general empower this training as this builds their distinction in the general public ,over that they get a pay from the â€Å"jirga† as well. Karo Kari is another name for numbness, Islam has just limited the Muslims and it has set disciplines for the casualty along these lines whatever other demonstration that is being polished under its name is essentially obliviousness. In Islam having an illegal sexual relationship is censured and the charged is whipped not liable to executing. How might one legitimize the slaughtering of a lady who has been exposed to assault? By pronouncing such a ladies Kari and executing her general public is denying the spirit from getting equity and as opposed to removing her from that injury one is stopping her life. For what reason are ladies denounced all the more then men in Karo Kari, it isn't that men are progressively reliable then ladies it is only that ladies are frail in these regions and men are solid that is the reason they can pull off it. These â€Å"jirga† reserve no option to remove the freedom to live from such individuals; they should work for the advantages of the general public by reaching a resolution based on â€Å"shariah† not just remain oblivious. Ladies are not property that their life is kept in question to determine land debates. Also the murdering is done in the most cruel manner. To cover somebody alive, tossing her before hounds or to consume her alive is ridiculous. Such practices were there in the days of yore when there was no instruction and no mindfulness however it’s stunning that it despite everything exists in our general public and no one has successfully stopped it. It is shamefully misused by the primitive land masters and the exclusive class of the town who use Karo Kari to determine their own issues. One such occurrence occurred when a local of inside Sindh returned home following quite a while of difficult work from Dubai and carried cash back home to begin some type of business in his local land. He came according to the medieval ruler because of his cash and business. The entrepreneur needed to trap him on account of Karo Kari and he got the open door when the man accidentally asked on the grave of some other ladies, believing it to be his wife’s grave. The primitive master exploited this and pronounced him a Karo; the man not just paid 15million to the land ruler so as to spare his life, he was kicked out of his country and his business was removed. There are numerous such occasions when the compelling individuals of the â€Å"panchayat† framework will in general snare others to their benefit and they utilize this act of Karo Kari as an apparatus so as to pull off it. It is sad to see that such homicides are given the name of respect killings. THE URBAN AREAS VERSUS THE RURAL SETUP The disaster with these ladies lies in the way that they are conceived in such a set up and society where they are considered as a weight on the family. Young ladies despite everything can't contend with the young men and neither would they be able to communicate their assessment. Children are favored over girls. Little girls are not urged to go to class or get presented to the outside world. In this way their reasoning is limited to only one spot. They are relied upon to do what they are requested and that's it. Lives in the urban territories are an extraordinary inverse perspective on this. On the off chance that one may not go far and contrast and places in the comparable region, for example, Karachi. The locale is created and current. It is a cosmopolitan city and involves individuals from all position, shading and ideology and they all offer various societies and dialects and live out and out. Ladies here are taught and engaged more than ever. They are autonomous, centered and know precisely what they look for from their lives. They are filling in just as having a family and they are doing admirably in each stroll of lives and rivaling men. They take their own choices. The living and culture of these social orders shifts from the country regions really there is no correlation. The two social orders share a similar religion and language once more there are contrasts of sentiments and thinking process. The urban existence of Karachi is mush progressively current and liberal as they are receiving the western culture in their general public. Aside from the option to go out or bring in cash, ladies can spruce up the manner in which she needs, mingle, make companions and do anything she desires to. Young ladies are really energized

ANNUAL FINANCIAL REPORT PROJECT ON WALMART Essay

Yearly FINANCIAL REPORT PROJECT ON WALMART - Essay Example Wal-Mart esteems its inventories at the lower of cost or market esteem, which basically implies if the market estimation of stock falls, the organization will record the stock an incentive in its monetary record. Wal-Mart is partitioned into three fragments: Wal-Mart U.S, Wal-Mart International and Sam’s Club. The entirety of the product identified with the U.S section is esteemed utilizing the Last in First out (LIFO) strategy. LIFO is a stock valuation technique permitted under US GAAP however not under IFRS (CFA foundation, 2012). LIFO accept that stock things bought most as of late are sold first and consequently the things staying in the stock are thought to be the most established things bought. In time of rising costs, LIFO reports a greater expense of deals and lower finishing stock figure than other stock valuation strategies. Greater expense of deals lead to bring down gross benefit and consequently brings about assessment investment funds. The organization reports a LIFO save in its yearly explanations for compromise of LIFO cost of deals and stock with FIFO cost of deals and stock. This is to guarantee that correlations can be made with different organizations in the retail business that utilization FIFO as their stock valuation strategy. Wal-Mart’s stock turnover rate has been on the lower side considering the various scope of item it sells. Stock turnover rate tumbled from 8.6 occasions in 2011 to 8.2 occasions in 2012 which implies that it took just about 44 days for Wal-Mart to change over its stock into deals in 2012 and 42 days in 2011. Wal-Mart utilizes gathering bookkeeping to set up its yearly explanations. Gathering bookkeeping is unique in relation to trade bookkeeping out the feeling that in collection bookkeeping incomes are recorded when they are earned and costs are recorded when they are caused though in real money bookkeeping incomes are recorded when the cash is gotten and costs are recorded when money is paid out (In vestopedia, 2009). Wal-Mart has gathered liabilities of $18.154B showing that these liabilities are expected and Wal-Mart has not yet paid them. Additionally, prepaid costs added up to $1.685B in 2012 demonstrating that these costs have just been paid ahead of time (Wal-Mart, 2012). In real money bookkeeping, prepaid costs and gathered liabilities are not recorded since these are commitments that are expected yet no money outpouring has been made in lieu of these commitments. Gathering bookkeeping can be controlled to show higher profit by utilizing gauges that swell the pay. For example, shamefully swelling the closure stock figure can bring about a lower cost of deals and thus blow up the net gain of an organization. In Wal-Mart’s case, figures are introduced minimalistically with the goal that the salary isn't swelled absurdly. The receivables of Wal-Mart expanded by 16.7% from 5.089B in 2011 to $ 5.937B in 2012 (Wal-Mart, 2012). Wal-Mart records an arrangement for suspici ous obligations, which is a contra-resource account and is recorded to represent the reasonability idea. As indicated by the reasonability idea, far-fetched costs are recorded though implausible incomes are not represented. Arrangement for far fetched obligations is made to represent obligations that will stay unpaid. The hold for dubious records depends on verifiable patterns in assortment of the past due sums that account holders owe to an organization and on the discount history of the organization. The all out arrangement for far fetched accounts expanded by 28% from $252M in 2011 to $323M in 2012

One for sorrow, two for joy

One for sorrow, two for joy This past week has been a mixed bag on many levels. On the one hand, Ive gotten a lot of work done (three problem sets, one group project, and one revised essay) while still finding a decent amount of time for club meetings, having dinner at my fraternity, playing Brawl, and generally hanging out with friends. On the other hand, I didnt get much sleep, which sort of sucked. It did, however, give me a little bit of insight into how you all might be feeling right now how, to be perfectly honest, I myself felt precisely one year ago. Ive grown a lot since thenemotionally, socially, academically; as a friend, as a student researcher, and as a human being. And the road has not always been smooth; Ive been faced with potholes, run into ridiculous roadblocks, turned down dead ends. On some occasions Ive made bad decisions solely of my own accord; at other times, it feels as though things are simply completely beyond my control. But thats the way life is. The real world is so much bigger than what you know now so much more vibrant, so much more real. And I trust that will be true wherever you finally find yourself for college, whether that happens to be Cambridge, California, or China. Four of the greatest years of your life are directly ahead of you. I know many of you find it hard to picture yourselves anywhere but MIT right now. I understand that completely, because I felt the same way one year ago. And while I fear this will sound hollow, I just wanted to take this entry to assure you of one vitally important fact: being in college will be a wonderful experience, no matter what university you finally choose. And I mean that with all my heart. But in the long run, college will only be as rewarding as you are prepared to let it be. Take advantage of every opportunity you can find to pursue what matters most to you and if those opportunities dont seem exist, just make your own opportunities. Dedicate yourself wholly, totally, completely to your greatest passion and deepest desires. Claim your place, or strike out and discover a whole new territory. Make your mark in whatever way you can on your friends, on your professors, on the random people you sit next to in class. Lead a life someone would want to remember. No matter what anyone else tells you, never surrender your dreams. Only sixteen hours left. Ill be thinking of you.

Literary Analysis Of The Metamorphosis - 1422 Words

Elaina Faerber, Hannah Lindsey, Jake Sims Mrs. De Oro Hon, English 12A Pd 3 19 October 2015 Literary Analysis Essay-Rejection When individuals are rejected by family and society, they tend to feel abandoned and unloved. In Franz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, Gregor’s transformation into a â€Å"monstrous vermin† (Kafka 1) results in him being psychologically and even physically abused by his family. Rejection from his mother, sister, and father leave Gregor feeling unwanted and feeling as if he is a terrible burden on the family and their well being. Although Gregor’s mother defends him throughout most of the story, she starts to have her doubts once she sees how difficult Gregor has made life for the rest of the family. Before his transformation into this vermin, Gregor and his mother have a stable relationship. But, after Gregor’s metamorphosis is complete it was not until after â€Å"two weeks†¦[that] his parents could not bring themselves to come into see him,† (Kafka 29). The strength of the mother’s unconditional love for Gregor has diminished over the process of his metamorphosis, so much so, that she is repulsed by Gregor’s presence and is afraid to even be in the same room as him. The mother further rejects the physical state of her son by â€Å"pointing to Gregor’s room,† (Kafka 40) and telling Grete to â€Å"close that door,† (Kafka 40), therefore leaving Gregor in isolated and in the dark. Gregor’s mother has now caught on to the idea of distancing he rself from her deformed son byShow MoreRelatedAllegorical Metamorphosis1128 Words   |  5 PagesAllegorical Metamorphosis Metamorphosis is transformation of an insect from an immature form to an adult form. Although this term is ordinarily used in Biology, Franz Kafka uses this term to title his peculiar story. This is a story about a young man named Gregor Samsa, who is a traveling salesman. He is a typical hardworking man trying to pay off debts. However, he wakes up one morning as a human-sized beetle. His parents see him as a beetle, they react negatively, but his sister, Grete, is notRead MoreAnalysis Of The Metamorphosis1501 Words   |  7 PagesBeveridge, A. (2009). Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 15(6), 459-461. This brief article is written from the psychiatric perspective, pointing out that Kafka has always been of great interest to the psychoanalytic community; this is because his writings have so skillfully depicted alienation, unresolved oedipal issues, and the schizoid personality disorder and The Metamorphosis is no exception to this rule. While this writer tends to think that psychiatrists shouldRead MoreThe Existential Isolation And Biopsychological Change1519 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of the Existential Isolation and Biopsychological Change in The Metamorphosis and â€Å"Letter to my Father† by Franz Kafka and Unwelcome Visitors† by Tessa Farmer This literary and art analysis will define the correlation between the writings of Kafka and the installation art of Tessa Farmer’s in relation to the themes of existential isolation and biopsychological change. Gregor’s anxiety in The Metamorphosis is partially due to the alienation of society, which cases an existential periodRead More The Metamorphosis Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe Metamorphosis The longer story The Metamorphosis, first published in 1971, was written by Franz Kafka. He was born in Prague in 1883 and lived until 1924, and he has written many other stories along with The Metamorphosis. The Metamorphosis appears to be a fantastic piece. After reading The Metamorphosis, I do believe that there are many similarities between magical realism and fantastic literature. Kafka showed many fantastic issues in The Metamorphosis. While reading The MetamorphosisRead MoreEssay on Analysis of The Metamorphosis1033 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Metamorphosis This story The Metamorphosis is about Gregor, a workaholic, who is changed into an insect and must then deal with his present reality. The hardest part of being an insect for him was the alienation from his family, which eventually leads to his death. In reading the short story The Metamorphosis, (1971),one can realize how small the difference is between Magical Realism and Fantastic. This literature written by the Austrian, Franz Kafka, is often debated overRead MoreMetamorphosis And Zaabalawai1307 Words   |  6 PagesThe Metamorphosis and Zaabalawai: An Exploration into the Meaning of Life What is the meaning of life? 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Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the loneliness and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreLiterary Theories And The Metamorphosis2018 Words   |  9 Pages 25 April 2015 Literary Theories and The Metamorphosis There exists no one true approach to examine writing; consequently, Literature continually proves to be a misunderstood art. Emerging through time, theories have been conceived due to the study of literature, but different readers believe in different theories. For instance, Franz Kafka’s short story, The Metamorphosis, may be interoperated countless ways do to its intricacy, as well as by varying literary theorists. Kafka himselfRead MoreThe Metamorphosis Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesSociety Determines Identity, Not Individuals The Metamorphosis, a story written by Franz Kafka, is about the sudden transformation of Gregor Samsa into a bug. The narrator describes how Gregor’s transformation negatively affects his work, family, and social relationships; it also takes readers through Gregor’s journey of trying to regain his humanity. Throughout the story, Gregor denies his loss of humanity and attempts to preserve his previous work and family relationships because these relationshipsRead MoreYolo1583 Words   |  7 Pagesworld. Students will gain an understanding of literary concepts to be able to interpret, analyze and evaluate various genres. Furthermore, students will have the opportunity to learn and appreciate the cultural heritage that is articulated from each literary text. II. Course Objectives: At the end of the semester, the students should be able to : 1. read and understand representative literary texts from various continents in the world. 2. analyze literary texts using the various approaches in literature

The Current Debate On The Juvenile Justice Act Essay

The current debate on the Juvenile Justice Act started after the incidence of the Delhi gang rape case. This incidence is frequently used as the landmark, when we talk about lowering the age of Juvenile. So we should need to look into this cases and examine various sides of this demand. If we talk about the crime, then Crime is present in our society from a very long time. We may disagree it or not the crime is hold in the society cannot deny its presence. However, but in india it has been on the rise in recent times. What’s most surprising is that the youth are getting more and more attracted in ‘crime sector’. It is an undeniable fact that they are the worst affected as they are still in the initial phase of what could be a bright future. But, the question is raised that should minors be treated differently as compared to others who commit the same crime? Is this because of the rather merciful Juvenile Justice System? Crime committed at any age must be treated as a crime. Does the 17-year-old have less reasoning power than an 18-year-old? What great mental development will there be in the next one year? Is minor less capable of understanding the ramifications of his actions one year before? Was the increase of the age of a juvenile from 16 years to 18 years in the year 2000 without any basis? Are they are in a position to decide what is wrong and what is right? To answer all these questions we must have to know what is Juvenile Justice system of India. So In the nextShow MoreRelatedJuvenile Justice Capstone Proposal Essays608 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice Capstone Project Proposal The juvenile justice system can be dated back to the late 18th and early 19th century. Youths were confined to jails with mentally ill and hardened criminals because there were no other alternatives for them. Many of these youths were in these institutions for non-violent offenses. 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So far, there are three justice acts in the history of Canadian juvenile justiceRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is Complex1201 Words   |  5 PagesOverview: The criminal justice system is complex and in need of several types of reforms, this is especially true in the juvenile justice system. In 2012, there were 1,319,700 arrests of juveniles in the United States (OJJDP) and this includes both violent and non-violent offenses committed by those under the age of 18. Policy reforms can offer alternatives to the incarceration of young offenders, by providing mental health, or addiction rehabs for those that are in need of it rather than lockingRead MoreWorking As A Juvenile Supervision Officer For The Fort Bend County Juvenile Probation Department1350 Words   |  6 Pages Working as a Juvenile Supervision Officer for the Fort Bend County Juvenile Probation Department, I come in contact with a lot of juvenile offenders. What I have notice during my tenure is that the majority of the juveniles I see are minorities, African- American, Hispanic and Asian young men and women. According to The Sentencing Project, â€Å"In 2010, African Americans comprised 17 percent of all juveniles, but 31 percent of all arrests.† Do juveniles of color commit crimes and come in contact withRead MoreCriminal Law Foundations evaluation paper1641 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Law Foundations Evaluation The Juvenile Justice System Juvenile justice is the section of law that applies to persons under the age of 18 not capable of receiving sentencing in the adult court system or old enough to be responsible for criminal acts committed in society. In most states the age of criminal culpability is 18 however, the age requirement can be set lower in accordance to certain crimes and statutes set by the state the juvenile lives in. 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The Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 was the first juvenile court established in the United States (Locked Up†¦). The juvenile court was created to handle the offenders on the basis on their rather than their crimeRead MoreWhy People Commit The Crime Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesbehavior, as well as the behavior of juveniles, attorneys, prosecutors, judges, correctional personnel, victims, and other actors in the criminal justice process. Criminological theory is important because most of what is done in criminal justice is based on criminological theory, whether we or the people who propose and implement policies based on the theory know it or not. In criminology, examining why people commit the crime is very important in the ongoing debate on how crime should be handled or

The Perks of Being a Wallflower Free Essays

Stephen Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower is an epistolary novel which tells a story about self-discovery. As given in Britannica, â€Å"Epistolary novel, a novel told through the medium of letters written by one or more of the characters.† Epistolary novel is a type of novel written in a form of letters through one of the characters. We will write a custom essay sample on The Perks of Being a Wallflower or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to a post on eNotes: A genre of fiction which first gained popularity in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the epistolary novel is a form in which most or all of the plot is advanced by the letters or journal entries of one or more of its characters, and which marked the beginning of the novel as a literary form. Epistolary novel first got famous in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is a genre of fiction in which novel is written in a form of letters or journal by one of the characters. Charlie, the protagonist of The Perks of being a Wallflower writes a series of letters to narrate his story. It is stated on essaytown: Even if presenting the reader with fictional letters, the epistolary novels of seventeenth and eighteenth century already suggested that letter writing had a therapy like effect on their fictional authors. The letter writing would act like a catharsis†¦ Charlie is called a wallflower by his friends. Merriam-Webster defines wallflower as, â€Å"a person who from shyness or unpopularity remains on the sidelines of a social activity.† People are considered to be ‘wallflower’ when they are shy, reserved and unpopular. When they stay quiet and avoid talking to anyone. These people are usually introvert and have no friends. They isolate themselves for different reasons such as fears or lack of confidence. They do not participate in social activities and try to remain hidden as if they are invisible. Charlie is an introvert, a shy teenager who does not have friends and does not participate in life.The idea of self-discovery according to Encyclopedia entails â€Å"the process of acquiring insight into one’s own character.† People themselves are sometimes not aware of their true nature and their desires. Self-discovery happens when they truly find themselves, who they really are and what they want. Pam M.S. Nugent describes self-discovery as a procedure through which a person finds out their true character and qualities. Charlie, as the novel proceeds, discovers hidden truths about himself, his likes, dislikes, his wants, and what kind of a person he truly is by going through a process of self-discovery.A process of looking for your own identity. To discover what a one individual has in his personality and what things are there to which a person is likely to be more inclined is called self-discovery. As per PsychologyDictionary self-discovery is a method through which a person becomes aware of his true desires and wants. Just as Charlie discovers the truth about his different behavior, his true likes and dislikes. 1.1 Background of Study I would read this novel in the light of the idea of defense mechanisms as presented by Sigmund Freud in the classical psychoanalysis. A post on Chegg Study states: According to Sigmund Freud, who developed the concept in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, defense mechanisms are a major component of personality. Freud believed that personality consists of the ego, the id, and the superego. The id is the source of instincts and natural desires; when these clash with social norms, tension arises as the superego disapproves and the ego mediates between them. Defense mechanisms respond by shifting such desires, feelings, and associated thoughts to the unconscious. The post states that Sigmund Freud considers the defense mechanisms as important part of personality. According to Freud, personality is made of id, ego and superego. Defense mechanisms according Freud respond by changing desires, feelings and thoughts into unconscious. Other than authors, psychoanalytic theory applies on characters. The theory can be used to understand the protagonist of the novel, Charlie, and his behavior better in the light of Freud’s classical psychoanalysis. After Charlie’s unconscious mind reveals some past memories to him, they cause some psychological disturbances. The research will focus on Charlie’s characteristics, his traumas, what defense mechanisms he use against them and his journey towards self-discovery. Regarding unconscious, Freud states:Everything that is repressed must remain unconscious; but let us state at the very outset that the repressed does not cover everything that is unconscious. The unconscious has the wider compass: the repressed is a part of the unconscious. Freud argues that everything a person represses must stay in unconscious mind, but unconscious mind is not only filled with repressed memories, it has other things in it too. Charlie has repressed his memories in his unconscious mind which are later revealed. Calvin S. Hall defines defense mechanism as a way of dealing with different threats and dangers. It is a way to lessen the anxiety by using different defenses such as denial, projection, repression, regression and displacement which are discussed in detail in chapter How to cite The Perks of Being a Wallflower, Papers

The Perks of Being a Wallflower Free Essays

Stephen Chbosky’s The Perks of Being a Wallflower is an epistolary novel which tells a story about self-discovery. As given in Britannica, â€Å"Epistolary novel, a novel told through the medium of letters written by one or more of the characters.† Epistolary novel is a type of novel written in a form of letters through one of the characters. We will write a custom essay sample on The Perks of Being a Wallflower or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to a post on eNotes: A genre of fiction which first gained popularity in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the epistolary novel is a form in which most or all of the plot is advanced by the letters or journal entries of one or more of its characters, and which marked the beginning of the novel as a literary form. Epistolary novel first got famous in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is a genre of fiction in which novel is written in a form of letters or journal by one of the characters. Charlie, the protagonist of The Perks of being a Wallflower writes a series of letters to narrate his story. It is stated on essaytown: Even if presenting the reader with fictional letters, the epistolary novels of seventeenth and eighteenth century already suggested that letter writing had a therapy like effect on their fictional authors. The letter writing would act like a catharsis†¦ Charlie is called a wallflower by his friends. Merriam-Webster defines wallflower as, â€Å"a person who from shyness or unpopularity remains on the sidelines of a social activity.† People are considered to be ‘wallflower’ when they are shy, reserved and unpopular. When they stay quiet and avoid talking to anyone. These people are usually introvert and have no friends. They isolate themselves for different reasons such as fears or lack of confidence. They do not participate in social activities and try to remain hidden as if they are invisible. Charlie is an introvert, a shy teenager who does not have friends and does not participate in life.The idea of self-discovery according to Encyclopedia entails â€Å"the process of acquiring insight into one’s own character.† People themselves are sometimes not aware of their true nature and their desires. Self-discovery happens when they truly find themselves, who they really are and what they want. Pam M.S. Nugent describes self-discovery as a procedure through which a person finds out their true character and qualities. Charlie, as the novel proceeds, discovers hidden truths about himself, his likes, dislikes, his wants, and what kind of a person he truly is by going through a process of self-discovery.A process of looking for your own identity. To discover what a one individual has in his personality and what things are there to which a person is likely to be more inclined is called self-discovery. As per PsychologyDictionary self-discovery is a method through which a person becomes aware of his true desires and wants. Just as Charlie discovers the truth about his different behavior, his true likes and dislikes. 1.1 Background of Study I would read this novel in the light of the idea of defense mechanisms as presented by Sigmund Freud in the classical psychoanalysis. A post on Chegg Study states: According to Sigmund Freud, who developed the concept in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, defense mechanisms are a major component of personality. Freud believed that personality consists of the ego, the id, and the superego. The id is the source of instincts and natural desires; when these clash with social norms, tension arises as the superego disapproves and the ego mediates between them. Defense mechanisms respond by shifting such desires, feelings, and associated thoughts to the unconscious. The post states that Sigmund Freud considers the defense mechanisms as important part of personality. According to Freud, personality is made of id, ego and superego. Defense mechanisms according Freud respond by changing desires, feelings and thoughts into unconscious. Other than authors, psychoanalytic theory applies on characters. The theory can be used to understand the protagonist of the novel, Charlie, and his behavior better in the light of Freud’s classical psychoanalysis. After Charlie’s unconscious mind reveals some past memories to him, they cause some psychological disturbances. The research will focus on Charlie’s characteristics, his traumas, what defense mechanisms he use against them and his journey towards self-discovery. Regarding unconscious, Freud states:Everything that is repressed must remain unconscious; but let us state at the very outset that the repressed does not cover everything that is unconscious. The unconscious has the wider compass: the repressed is a part of the unconscious. Freud argues that everything a person represses must stay in unconscious mind, but unconscious mind is not only filled with repressed memories, it has other things in it too. Charlie has repressed his memories in his unconscious mind which are later revealed. Calvin S. Hall defines defense mechanism as a way of dealing with different threats and dangers. It is a way to lessen the anxiety by using different defenses such as denial, projection, repression, regression and displacement which are discussed in detail in chapter How to cite The Perks of Being a Wallflower, Papers